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What Is Peripheral Neuropathy?


How Patients Describe It
What Causes Peripheral Neuropathy?
The most common cause of peripheral neuropathy in the United States. Persistently elevated blood sugar gradually damages the small blood vessels that supply nerves, leading to progressive nerve fiber loss — typically starting in the feet.
Many chemotherapy drugs are toxic to peripheral nerves. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) can persist long after treatment ends and significantly affects quality of life in cancer survivors.
Conditions such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, lupus, and rheumatoid arthritis can cause the immune system to attack peripheral nerves directly.
B12 deficiency in particular is a well-established cause of peripheral neuropathy. Deficiencies in B1, B6, and vitamin E can also contribute.
In a significant portion of cases — some estimates suggest 30% or more — no identifiable cause is found despite thorough evaluation. This is called idiopathic neuropathy. It is real, it is treatable for symptoms, and it is not the patient's fault.
Peripheral nerve damage can occur during or following surgery. The pattern depends on which nerves were affected and how significantly.
Chronic heavy alcohol use is toxic to peripheral nerves and a recognized cause of neuropathy.
Organ dysfunction can affect the chemical environment nerves depend on, leading to neuropathic changes over time.
